乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”宝玺赏析

乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”印玺赏析

乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”印玺，是清亁隆年间的印玺铭文，是1790年（乾隆五十五年），

乾隆皇帝为纪念在位55年并庆祝八十寿晨而特别制作的。”八徵“是指《尚书.洪范》中：帝王管理国家的八种事“一曰食、二曰货、三曰祀、四曰司空、五曰司徒、六曰司寇、七曰宾、八曰师”，分别指管理国家的粮食、财务、祭祀、居民、教育、治安、朝觐、军事。

据可靠资料记载：乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”的内容重复刻制了37方，几乎每方印玺乾隆都亲自所为。

巨型的“八徵耄念之宝”通常只阵设于宫殿之中，小型的“八征耄念之宝”则常用于书画作品（如北京博物院藏《秋山暮霭图卷》，上海博物馆收藏的《柳鸭芦雁图》卷）等…。

今日余所隆重推出的乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”材质为铜质，通体鎏金。龙钮为卧式，五瓜，雄居方座之上，下部四侧各镶嵌特大翡翠一颗，周边用卷花衬托。龙钮威风凛凛，双角向后，双目滚圆，双目各用一枚“鹤顶红”红宝石替代，鲜艳夺目！龙首两侧腹部云朵处各镶嵌两枚翡翠宝石…精雕细作，大气磅礴、华丽致极。

该“八徵耄念之宝”，印面11㎝见方，高度11.8㎝；重达2980克。底部阳刻“八徵耄念之宝”篆书款。彰显乾隆年间皇家匠人们的高超的雕刻艺术水平和独特的艺术风格。

据有关资料记载，乾隆为此印玺特撰写的“八徵耄念之宝记”中曰：“予年七十时，”用杜甫句镌刻｀古稀天子之宝’，而即继之曰｀犹日孜孜＇不敢怠于政也。蒙天眷佑，幸无大陨，越于兹又浃旬矣，思有所以副八旬开裹之庆，镌为玺，以殿诸卿笔，盖莫若《洪范》八徵之念。”乾隆八徵耄念之宝记”中说明了镌刻“八徵耄念之宝”的原因，同时又刻“自强不息”玺，作为“八徵耄念之宝”的副章，进一步表明了他的用意。“八徵耄念之宝”玺与“自强不息”玺相配使用。

据资料记载：乾隆这枚玉玺是他相同的印文中较大的一个，与乾隆七十大寿所镌刻的“古稀天子之宝”宝玺同是乾隆皇帝晚年之最爱。在海内外珍存的不少名画上都都可以看到这两只宝玺的印迹。

AppreciationofthesealofQianlong's"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts"

ThesealofQianlong's"treasureofeightrequisitionsforMao'sthoughts"(the55thyearofQianlong),

ItwasspeciallymadebyEmperorQianlongtocommemoratehis55thyearinofficeandcelebratehis80thbirthday.""Eightrequisitions":theemperormanagesthecountry"oneisfood,twoisgoods,threeissacrifice,fourisSikong,fiveissitu,sixisSikou,sevenisguestandeightisteacher",whichrespectivelyrefertothemanagementofthecountry'sfood,finance,sacrifice,residents,education,governanceandsecurity,pilgrimageandmilitary.

Accordingtoreliablerecords,thecontentofQianlong's"treasureofeightsignsandMaothoughts"wasrepeatedlyengravedin37squaremeters,andalmosteverysquarewassealedbyQianlonghimself.

Thegiant"treasureofeightsignsofMaoNian"isusuallyonlyarrangedinthepalace,whilethesmall"treasureofeightsignsofMaoNian"isoftenusedincalligraphyandpaintingworks(suchasthepicturevolumeofautumnmountainTwilightcollectedbyBeijingMuseumandthepicturevolumeofwillow,duck,reedandwildgoosecollectedbyShanghaiMuseum).

Today,Isolemnlylaunchedthe"treasureofeightsignsandMaothoughts"ofQianlong,,withfivemelons,,,thecornersarebackward,"hedingred"Ruby,whichisdazzling!Twoemeraldsareinlaidinthecloudsonbothsidesofthedragon'sheadCarvedindetail,magnificentandgorgeous.

The"treasureofeightsigns";"eightsignsofMaoNiantreasure"craftsmuringthereignofQianlong.

Accordingtorelevantrecords,Qianlongwrotethe"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts"forthispurpose,whichsaid:"attheageof70,DuFuengravedthe"treasureoftheancientsonofheaven",hefolloweditwiththewords"stilldiligently",I'',engraveditasaseal,andcovereditwiththepensoftheministersofthehall,liketheideaoftheeightsymbolsofHongFan."Qianlong's"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts"explainsthereasonsfortheengravingofthe"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts",andalsoengravesthesealof"continuousself-improvement"asthesubchapterofthe"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts",whichfurthershowshisintention“Thesealof"eighttreasuresofMao'sthoughts"andthesealof"continuousself-improvement"areusedtogether.

Accordingtorecords,,togetherwiththe"treasureoftheancientsonofheaven"engravedonQianlong'edathomeandabroad.

（一）乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”印玺（正面）

（二）乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”印玺（侧面）

（三）乾隆“八徵耄念之宝”底部（篆刻）